EM菌的原理、功效以及与硝化细菌的对比、抉择
<h2 id="zwh2">EM菌简介</h2><div class="paratop">EM菌为一种混合菌一般包括光合菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌等等有益菌类。作用机理是形成EM菌和病原微生物争夺营养的竞争，由于em菌在土壤中极易生存繁殖，所以能较快而稳定地占据土壤中的生态地位，形成有益的微生物菌的优势群落，从而控制病原微生物的繁殖和对作物的侵袭。</div>
<h2 id="zwh2">EM菌的作用机理</h2>
<div class="paratop">EM菌原液渗入水体后，其群体作用能杀死或抑制病原微生物和有害物质，调整养殖生态环境，增加水中溶氧量（氧气），促进养殖生态系中的正常菌群和有益藻类活化生长，保持养殖水体的生态平衡；拌入饵料投喂，直接增强鱼类的吸收功能和防病抗逆能力，促进健壮生长。EM菌原液中的光合菌还能利用水中的硫化氢、有机酸、氨及氨基酸兼有反硝化作用中去除水中的亚硝酸铵，因而能使养殖池中的排泄物和残饵污染得到净化，改善水质，减少鱼病。</div>
<h2 id="zwh2">EM菌的主要作用</h2>
<div class="paratop">1、减少病原微生物和不良藻类、明显增强养殖对象的免疫力和抗病性，降低发病率，提高成活率。用户反映，EM菌原液可使蟹苗成活率提高近一倍，中华石斑鱼的成活率由原来的30%提高到70%以上。</div>
<div class="para">2、增加有益微生物数量。水面浮游动物、有益藻类增多，特别是红虫不断增多至布满水面。</div>
<div class="para">3、稳定和改善水质，水体颜色清爽，不臭不腐，无硫化氢、氨气等异味，能见度在25－50cm的时间长且较稳定，换水时间可延长2倍以上。</div>
<div class="para">4、鱼虾粪、池底杂质和下脚料不会变成淤泥而呈散沙状。</div>
<div class="para">5、促进生长，增重率明显提高。</div>
<h2 id="zwh2">EM菌对于鱼病防治的功效</h2>
<div class="paratop">真菌性鱼病、细菌性肠炎、烂鳃病、打印病等。</div>
<h2 id="zwh2">EM菌液在水产养殖中使用的注意事项</h2>
<div class="paratop">1、要使EM菌原液在水产养殖上取得明显成效，应连续配套使用。即在用EM菌原液制作各种饲喂料的同时，按要求用EM菌原液稀释液喷洒干池和水面。</div>
<div class="para">2、不能与各种抗生素和杀菌剂等药物同时混用（非用不可时，应间隔4－6天时间），尤其是特种水产养殖，如果混用，不仅不能发挥EM菌原液的有效功能，而且会造成池水变臭，出现这种情况，要立即换水，再按技术要求用EM菌原液饲料投喂和稀释液喷洒。</div>
<h2 id="zwh2">EM菌和硝化细菌的异同点、优劣势</h2>
<div class="paratop">1、共同点是二者都可以处理亚硝酸盐；EM菌还可以处理有机盐、氨氮、硫化氢（这个很**）。</div>
<div class="para">2、二者的功效是不一样的。EM菌在开缸前期就能够应用。应用EM菌从开缸第一天起就会使得益生菌占主导性，这针对抑止病菌，提升鱼的免疫力作用，降低鱼病产生，是十分有好处的。此外EM菌能高效率分解掉有机化合物，清除腐败问题，这对**纵水质的有机化合物含量、氨氮含量，降低暴菌是很有协助的。 硝化菌造就的是一个基本的养鱼自然环境，Em菌则是雪中送炭，二种菌相互配合应用会更为极致。</div>
<div class="para">3、稳定+足够的好粪便来源，可以使硝化细菌通过自身繁殖达到维持水质恒稳的目的。</div>
<div class="para">4、EM菌与硝化细菌是竞争关系，且EM菌更强势一些，但EM菌稳定性弱，不能附着于滤材稳定繁衍，自我繁殖能力会逐代减弱直至消失，造成菌群失衡，所以EM菌需要定期定量添加补充，硝化细菌则不需要。</div>
<div class="para2">1）加水导致em的损耗。em菌不像硝化菌一样具备黏附性，能够粘在滤材上，因此换水对硝化菌基本上无危害，而em菌是在水中的，每一次换水都能导致em菌的损耗。</div>
<div class="para2">2）由于em菌里各种各样微生物菌种的繁殖速度不一，有的几分钟就能够繁育一代，有的必须几十分钟，繁育多几代之后导致菌苗的基因变异和衰退，会损坏em菌里各种各样微生物菌种的占比，使益生菌的益生性遗失，很多菌种不复存在了，造成菌群比例失衡。因而em菌必须定期重复添加。 </div>
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类别</td>
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硝化细菌</td>
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EM菌</td>
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组成</td>
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亚硝化菌和硝化菌</td>
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有效微生物群的英文缩写，由光合细菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、芽孢杆菌、醋酸菌、双歧杆菌、放线菌七大类微生物中的10属80种微生物共生共荣。</td>
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按营养需求分类</td>
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自养型微生物（完全在无机环境中生存，以CO2、碳酸盐为碳源，以铵盐和硝酸盐为氮源来合成细胞质的微生物）</td>
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异养型微生物（以含碳有机物为碳源，含氮有机物或无机物为氮源，合成细胞物质）</td>
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按溶氧需求分类</td>
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好氧性细菌</td>
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好氧性细菌、厌氧性细菌</td>
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生存条件</td>
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有氧的水中或砂层中</td>
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活菌在分存于水体中适合其生存的区域。如光合细菌分布于近光处，好氧菌分布于溶氧丰富区域。</td>
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突出作用</td>
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分解氨氮和亚硝酸盐</td>
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非常有效地分解有机物</td>
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繁殖速度</td>
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慢</td>
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非常快</td>
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平均代时(细菌繁殖一代所需时间)</td>
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10小时</td>
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几十秒----几小时不等（组成微生物的不同菌种的有不同的繁殖速度）</td>
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使用方法</td>
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外泼法<font class="font6">----<span style="font-weight: 400">改良水质、减少病原微生物，减少发病率</span></font></td>
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<font class="font7">外泼法</font><font class="font6">----</font><font class="font8"><span style="font-weight: 400">改良水质、减少病原微生物，减少发病率</span><br>
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</font><font class="font7">拌饵内服</font><font class="font6">----</font><span style="font-weight: 400"><font class="font8">改善肠道菌群平衡、提高免疫力、降低发病率，明显提高增重率</font></span></td>
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<div class="para">硝化细菌和EM菌的不同水体使用效果对比</div>
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水体条件</td>
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硝化细菌使用效果</td>
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EM菌使用效果</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
分解氨氮、亚硝酸盐</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
分解有机物、粪便，去腥、除臭</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
增加有益微生物数量</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt">
<td height="19" width="122" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
减少病原微生物</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
抑制蓝藻、裸藻等小型有害藻类</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
分解大颗粒的杂质和藻类</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt">
<td height="19" width="122" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
水质过于清瘦</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
增强鱼类的免疫力和抗病性</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="38" style="height:28.5pt">
<td height="38" width="122" style="height: 28.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
促进生长，增重率明显提高</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt">
<td height="19" width="122" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
弱碱性水体</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height:14.25pt">
<td height="19" width="122" style="height: 14.25pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
弱酸性水体</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="82" style="height: 61.5pt">
<td height="82" width="122" style="height: 61.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
溶氧量不丰富或无增氧设施</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="18" style="height: 13.5pt">
<td height="18" width="122" style="height: 13.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
稳定和改善水质</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
√突出 □良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="100" style="height: 75.0pt">
<td height="100" width="122" style="height: 75.0pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
光照或光线充足</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 √良好 □不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="54" style="height: 40.5pt">
<td height="54" width="122" style="height: 40.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
含氯自来水</td>
<td width="356" style="width: 267pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
<td width="427" style="width: 320pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: medium none; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
</tr>
<tr height="18" style="height: 13.5pt">
<td height="18" width="122" style="height: 13.5pt; width: 92pt; color: #191919; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; font-size: 11.0pt; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-align: general; vertical-align: middle; border-left: .5pt solid windowtext; border-right: .5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: .5pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 1px; padding-right: 1px; padding-top: 1px; background: #F8F7F3">
3天内使用过消毒剂、杀虫剂、抗生素水体</td>
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□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
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□突出 □良好 √不佳</td>
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<div class="para">硝化细菌和EM菌的不同点：</div>
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水体</td>
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硝化细菌</td>
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EM菌</td>
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氧气</td>
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好氧菌，只有在氧气充足的条件下才能繁殖，否则根本谈不上高效率地处理氨和亚硝酸盐</td>
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好氧菌和厌氧菌共荣共存而成，对氧气要求低。可适用于氧气不充足或无条件暴氧的水体。</td>
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水质过肥</td>
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主要的作用是降解氨、亚硝酸盐，水中如有过多的有机质（粪便、残饵），则会抑制硝化细菌的生长繁殖。建议换部分新水后再使用硝化细菌。</td>
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有效的分解有机质，特别适用于水质恶化严重的水体。</td>
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pH值</td>
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弱碱性水体</td>
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弱酸性、中性、弱碱性水体均可</td>
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水体清瘦</td>
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虽是自养型细菌，但生存需要一定的氮、胺，而且水体中的残留氯还会抑制硝化细菌的着床和生长。建议在开缸的第一周每日在水族箱水体中加入适量的光合细菌，来分解有害物质。</td>
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含有多种活菌，如光合细菌，可适用于新开缸水体和清瘦水体。一周后再使用硝化细菌效果更佳。</td>
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光照或光线</td>
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亚硝酸菌对近紫外线的可见光非常敏感，所以使用硝细菌时尽量避免使用把飞利浦865、紫外线灯等灯光。</td>
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含多种活菌，如光合细菌就需要有效的利用</td>
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<h2 id="h2red">EM菌综述</h2>
<div class="paratop">如果使用，则要每隔几天定期添加，效果很好。但因为会与硝化细菌竞争，因此中断的话，水质会有波动。请鱼友谨慎抉择。本站仍推崇稳定的可自我繁殖的硝化细菌系统！而使用EM菌就像**一样，用的时候爽，突然不用了比死还难受。</div>
em确实好 干货，学习了，支持！{:1_180:}
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